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HEALTH TALK: Types, prevention, management of anxiety disorders

 

By Suleiman Tajudeen 

 

 

CITIZENS COMPASS –Anxiety is a common mental health condition characterised by feelings of worry, nervousness, and fear that are persistent and overwhelming.

It is a growing concern in Nigeria, affecting millions of people across the country.

It can interfere with daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.

This topic explores the types of anxiety disorders, the most common ones especially in Nigeria, prevention strategies, and psychosocial management.

Causes

Anxiety can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some common causes of anxiety include:

– Genetic predisposition: Family history of anxiety disorders

– Life events: Traumatic events, stress, and significant changes

– Medical conditions: Chronic illnesses, pain, and medication side effects

– Substance abuse: Alcohol, drugs, and caffeine

Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety

The signs and symptoms of anxiety can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:

–Persistent worry and fear

– Restlessness and irritability

-Difficulty concentrating and making decisions

-Sleep disturbances and fatigue

– Physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, and trembling

-Prevalence of Anxiety in Nigeria and Globally

According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in Nigeria is estimated to be around 12.1%. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that anxiety disorders affect approximately 264 million people, making it one of the most common mental health conditions worldwide.

Types

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)* Excessive and persistent worry about everyday things.

Panic Disorder:Recurring panic attacks, which are intense episodes of fear or discomfort.

Social Anxiety Disorder: Fear of social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.

Phobia:Irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Anxiety that develops after a traumatic event.

Most Common Anxiety Disorder in Nigeria

According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology, the most common anxiety disorder in Nigeria is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This is likely due to the country’s socioeconomic challenges, cultural factors, and lack of enough mental health resources.

Prevention strategies

Exercise and Physical Activity: Regular exercise can help reduce anxiety symptoms.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as meditation, deep breathing, and yoga can help calm the mind and body.

Social Support: Building and maintaining social connections with friends, family, and community.

Healthy Sleep Habits: Establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a relaxing sleep environment.

Healthy Eating Habits: Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins…

 

To be continued…

 

 

Dr Suleiman Tajudeen is Head, Clinical Psychology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos State

 

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